The establishment of the Institute of Theoretical Physics (ITP) under the National University of Uzbekistan marks a transformative initiative to position Central Asia as a hub for fundamental scientific research.  The ITP’s success could catalyze scientific sovereignty, elevate Uzbekistan’s global academic standing, and integrate Central Asia into the global theoretical physics community. This paper examines the institute’s founding mission, structural framework, and strategic role in advancing theoretical physics research within a historically underserved academic territory. By analyzing its interdisciplinary research foci - spanning quantum field theory, condensed matter physics, and cosmology - we highlight how the institute bridges critical gaps in regional expertise while fostering international collaborations. We further evaluate its impact through early achievements, including the recruitment of diaspora scientists, partnerships with CERN and ICTP, and the development of graduate programs tailored to Central Asia’s unique needs. Challenges such as funding constraints, infrastructure limitations, and brain drain are also discussed, alongside policy recommendations to sustain long-term growth. As a catalyst for scientific sovereignty, the institute exemplifies how localized investment in fundamental science can drive innovation, education, and cross-border engagement in emerging research economies.